Nomenclature and Abbreviations
Nomenclature and Abbreviations Nomenclature should be consistent and be conform to the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, International Union of Biochemistry.
| µ | hydrophobic moment | |
| [q] | mean residue ellipticity | |
| Abc | 4’-aminomethyl-2,2’-bipyridine-4-carboxylic acid | |
| Abh | azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | |
| Abl | Abelson kinase | |
| Abu | a-amino-n-butyric acid | |
| Abz | 2-amino-benzoic acid;2-aminobenzoyl | |
| AC | adenylyl cyclase | |
| Ac | acetyl; acyl | |
| Aca | adamantanecarboxyl- | |
| Acc | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid | |
| Acm | acetamidomethyl | |
| AEDI | aminoethyldithio-2-isobutyric acid | |
| Ahp | 2-amino-heptanoic acid | |
| D6Ahp | 6-dehydro-2-amino-heptanoic acid | |
| Ahx | 6-aminohexanoic acid | |
| Aib | a-aminoisobutyric acid | |
| AII | angiotensin II | |
| Al | allyl | |
| Alloc | allyloxycarbonyl | |
| AM | alveolar macrophage | |
| AMBER | assisted model building and energy refinement | |
| AMC | aminomethylcoumaride | |
| AMCA | 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid | |
| Amn | 8-(aminomethyl)naphth-2-oic acid | |
| AMPA | o-aminomethylphenylacetic acid | |
| APB | (4-amino)phenylazobenzoic acid | |
| APC | antigen presenting cell | |
| Apn | 5-aminopentanoic acid | |
| Arg-al | argininal | |
| Arg-ol | argininol | |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate | |
| AUC | area under the curve | |
| AVP | vasopressin | |
| BAL | backbone amide linker | |
| BApG | N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)-glycine | |
| BBB | blood brain barrier | |
| BK | bradykinin | |
| BMAP | bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide | |
| BME | b-mercaptoethanol | |
| Boc | tert-butyloxycarbonyl | |
| Boc-ON | 2-tert-butyloxy-carbonylamino-2-phenylacetonitrile | |
| Boc2O | di-tert-butyl dicarbonate | |
| BOP | (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tris(dimethylamino)phosphoniumhexafluorophosphate | |
| Bpa | p-benzoylphenylalanine | |
| BPTI | bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor | |
| Bpy | 2,2’-bipyridine | |
| Bzl | benzyl | |
| CAMM | computer assisted molecular modeling | |
| Cbz | carbobenzoxy;benzyloxycarbonyl | |
| CCk | cholecystokinin | |
| CD | circular dichroism | |
| b-CD | b-cyclodextrin | |
| CED3 | Cenorhabditis elegans cell-death protein | |
| CF | 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein | |
| CFU | colony forming units | |
| Cha | cyclohexylalanine | |
| Chg | a-cyclohexylglycine | |
| Clt | 2-chlorotrityl | |
| Cl-Z | 2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl | |
| Cpg | a-cyclopentylglycine | |
| CRF | corticotropin releasing Factor | |
| CTL | cytotoxic T-lymphocyte | |
| d.e. | diastereomeric excess | |
| Da | Dalton | |
| DB[DMAP] | 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(dimethylamino)pyridine | |
| DBU | 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene | |
| DCC | dicyclohexylcarbodimide | |
| DCM | dichloromethane | |
| Dde | 1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl | |
| Ddz | 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-propyl[2]oxycarbonyl | |
| DIEA | N,N-diisopropylethylamine | |
| DIPCDI | N,N’-diisopropylcarbodiimide | |
| DMAP | 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine | |
| DMER-Plot | difference minimum energy Ramachandran plot | |
| DMF | N,N-dimethylformamide | |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide | |
| Dnp | 2,4-dinitrophenyl | |
| DTT | dithiothreitol | |
| EAE | experimental allergic encephalomyelitis | |
| EBP | erytropoietin binding protein | |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr-virus | |
| ED50 | median effective dose | |
| EDT | 1,2-ethanedithiol | |
| EDTA | ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid | |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor | |
| EGFR | EGF receptor | |
| EGS | ethylene glycol bis-succinyl- | |
| ELISA | enzyme linked immunosorbance assay | |
| EMP | erythropoietin mimetic protein | |
| EPO | erythropoietin | |
| ES-MS | electrospray mass spectrometry | |
| ESR | electron spin resonance | |
| ESTs | expressed sequence tags | |
| ET-1 | endothelin-1 | |
| ET R | endothelin-A receptor | |
| F2Pmp | difluorophosphonomethyl phenylalanine | |
| FAB-MS | fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry | |
| FceRI | IgE-receptor | |
| FceRIa | IgE-receptor-a-subunit | |
| FITC | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| fMLP | formyl-Met-Leu-Phe | |
| Fmoc | 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl | |
| Fmoc-Cl | 9-fluorenylmethoxy chloroformate | |
| FTIR | Fourier transform infrared | |
| GalR | galanin receptor | |
| GdnHCl | guanidinium hydrochloride | |
| GFC | gel filtration chromatography | |
| GlcNAc | N-acetylgalactosamine | |
| GPCR | G-protein-coupled receptor | |
| GpIIb/IIIa | glycoprotein IIb/IIIa | |
| Grb2 | growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 | |
| GRF | growth hormone releasing factor | |
| GS | gramicidin S | |
| GSH | reduced glutathione | |
| GSSG | oxidized glutathione | |
| HATU | N-[(dimethylamino)-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-1-yl-methylene]-N-methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate N-oxide | |
| HBTU | O-benzotriazolyl-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate | |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus | |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus | |
| HDV | hepatitis delta virus | |
| HFIP | hexafluoroisopropanol | |
| HG | human gastrin | |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus | |
| HLA | human leukocyte antigen | |
| HMPA | p-hydroxymethylphenoxyacetic acid | |
| HMPA | hexamethylphosphoramide | |
| HMPB | 4-(4-hydroxymethyl-3-methoxyphenoxy)-butyric acid | |
|
1H-NMR |
proton nuclear magnetic resonance | |
| HOAt | 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole | |
| HOBt | 1-hydroxybenzotriazole | |
| HPLC | high performance liquid chromatography | |
| Hpp | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)proline | |
| HPV | human papilloma virus | |
| HSBOtU | (2-mercaptobenzoxazol-2-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate | |
| HSBtU | 2-(1-mercaptobenzoxazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate | |
| HSF | hematopoietic synergistic factor | |
| HSNPtU | 2-(1-mercapto-4-nitrophenyl-1-y1)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate | |
| HSDNPtU | 2-(1-mercapto-2,4-dinitrophenyl-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate | |
| HTLV | human T cell leukemia virus | |
| i.v. | intravenous | |
| IAPP | ilet amyloid polypeptide | |
| IBoc | isobutyloxycarbonyl | |
| IC50 | 50% inhibition concentration | |
| ICE | interleukin-1b converting enzyme | |
| IFN | interferon | |
| IL-1b | interleukin-1b | |
| IP3 | inositol trisphosphate | |
| ITC | isothermal titration calorimetry | |
| LAH | lithium aluminum hydride | |
| LDL | low density lipoprotein | |
| LHR | lutropin receptor | |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide | |
| LUV | large unilamelar vesicle | |
| mAb | monoclonal antibody | |
| MAdCAM-1 | mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 | |
| MALDI | matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization | |
| MALDI-TOF | MALDI time-of-MSflight mass spectrometry | |
| MAP | multiple antigenic peptide | |
| Mbc | 4’-methyl-2,2’-bipyridine-4-carboxylic acid | |
| MBHA | p-methylbenzhydrylamine | |
| MBP | myelin basic protein | |
| MCR | melanocortin receptor | |
| MD | molecular dynamics | |
| MDP | muramyl dipeptide | |
| Me | methyl | |
| MeCN | acetonitrile | |
| MeOBzl | p-methoxybenzyl | |
| MeOH | methanol | |
| MER-Plot | minimum energy Ramachandran plot | |
| MHC | major histocompatibility complex | |
| MIC | minimum inhibitory concentration | |
| MIF | macrophage migration inhibitory factor | |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase | |
| Mmt | 4-methoxytrityl | |
| MS | mass spectrometry | |
| MSH | melanocyte stimulating hormone melanotropin | |
| Mtr | 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl | |
| Mtt | 4-methyltrityl | |
| NADPH | nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate,reduced form | |
| Nip | nipecotic acid | |
| NIR-FT | near-infrared, Fourier-transform | |
| NK-1 | neurokinin-1 receptor (substance P receptor) | |
| NKA | neurokinin A | |
| NKB | neurokinin B | |
| NKR cells | normal rat kidney cells | |
| NMePhe | N-methyl phenylalanine | |
| NMM | N-methylmorpholine | |
| NMP | N-methylpyrrolidinone | |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance | |
| NO | nitric oxide | |
| nOct | n-octanoyl | |
| NOE | nuclear overhauser effect | |
| NOESY | nuclear overhauser enhanced spectroscopy | |
| NPY | neuropeptide Y | |
| Npys | 5-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl | |
| Ntc | nortropane-3-carboxylic acid | |
| O | defined sequence position in peptide libraries | |
| O/X10 | the complete set of 220 sublibraries | |
| OChx | cyclohexyl ester | |
| OHA | octahydroacridine | |
| OPT | oligopeptide transport | |
| Orn | ornithine | |
| OVX | ovariectomy | |
| PAL | peptide amide linker, 5-(4-Fmoc-aminomethyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)valeric acid | |
| PBMC | peripheral blood mononuclear cells | |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline | |
| PC | phosphatidylcholine | |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction | |
| Pd/C | palladium on carbon | |
| PDI | protein disulfide isomerase | |
| PEG | polyethylene glycol | |
| PEG-PS | polyethylene glycol-polystyrene copolymer | |
| Pen | penicillamine | |
| Pfp | pentafluorophenyl ester | |
| DPhe | a,b-dehydrophenylalanine | |
| PI | phosphatidylinositol | |
| PLC | phospholipase C | |
| PLN | phospholamban | |
| PLP | proteolipid protein | |
| PM | plasma membranes | |
| Pmc | 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl | |
| PMD | Pelizaeus Merzbacher disease | |
| pNA | p-nitroaniline | |
| PPCE | post-proline cleaving enzyme | |
| PS | polystyrene | |
| PSD/CID | post source decay/collision-induced dissociation | |
| PS-SCL | positional scanning SCL | |
| PTH | parathyroid hormone | |
| PTHrP | parathyroid hormone related protein | |
| PTK | protein tyrosine kinase | |
| PTP | protein tyrosine phosphatase | |
| PTR | peptide transport | |
| pTyr | phosphotyrosine | |
| PyAOP | (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate | |
| PyBOP | (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate | |
| QSAR | quantitative structure-activity relationships | |
| RGD | Arg-Gly-Asp | |
| RMSD | root mean square deviation | |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid | |
| RP | reversed-phase | |
| RP-HPLC | reversed-phase HPLC | |
| RuCl2(dmso)4 | dichlorotetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide) ruthenium(II) | |
| SAPS | sequence assisted peptide synthesis | |
| SAR | structure activity relationships | |
| SCLs | synthetic combinatorial libraries | |
| SD | standard deviation | |
| SH2 | src homology domain 2 | |
| SH3 | src homology domain 3 | |
| SIOM | 7-spiroindoyloxymorphone | |
| SP | substance P | |
| SPPS | solid-phase peptide synthesis | |
| SPR | surface plasmon resonance | |
| SUV | small unilamellar vesicle | |
| SynJ | synthetic J protein | |
| TASP | template-assembled synthetic protein(s) | |
| TBDMS | tert-butyldimethylsilyl | |
| tBu | tert-butyl | |
| TCEP | tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine | |
| TEA | triethylamine | |
| TEMP | 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyridine | |
| TFA | trifluoroacetic acid | |
| TFE | trifluoroethanol | |
| TFFH | tetramethylfluoroformamidiniumhexafluorophosphate | |
| TFMSA | trifluoromethanesulfonic acid | |
| TGFa | transforming growth factor alpha | |
| THF | tetrahydrofuran | |
| Thi | b-(2-thienyl)-alanine | |
| THP | triple-helical peptide | |
| Tic | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | |
| TLC | thin layer chromatography | |
| TMH | transmembrane helix | |
| Tmob | 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl | |
| TMP | 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine | |
| TMS-Cl | trimethylsilyl chloride | |
| TMT | b-methyl-2,6’-dimethyltyrosine | |
| TOAC | 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid | |
| TOCSY | total correlation spectroscopy | |
| Tos | p-toluenesulfonyl | |
| TPTU | 2-(2-oxo-1(2H)-pyridyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluroniumtetrafluorophosphate;2-(2-pyridon-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium fluoroborate | |
| TRH | thyrotropin-releasinghormone | |
| Tris | tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane | |
| Trt | trityl | |
| TsOH | p-toluenesulfonic acid | |
| Tyr(NO2) | 3-nitrotyrosine | |
| X | randomized sequenceposition in peptide libraries | |
| XAL | 5-(9-aminoxanthen-2-oxy)valeric acid | |
| Xan | 9H-xanthen-9-yl |