Increased long term variability predicts the location of future defects in glaucoma suspects

E. Z. Blumenthal, P. A. Sample, C. C. Berry, J. P. Pascual, C. Bowd, L.  Zangwill, R. N. Weinreb

Glaucoma Center and Visual Function Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA

Objective: To determine whether increased long-term variability (LTV) in glaucoma suspect patients with normal visual fields (VF) precedes the appearance of repeatable glaucomatous VF defects.

Methods: We analyzed three consecutive normal VFs from 10 subjects who subsequently converted and had two or more consecutive abnormal VFs.  Location-specific LTV maps were constructed from raw threshold values of the three normal VFs, and standardized using a normative LTV database.  We then determined if average quadrant standardized-LTV was predictive of the quadrants that later became defective.  Subjective clinical evaluation (masked to LTV analysis results) and objective Glaucoma Change Probability analysis were independently used to rank the relative severity of the quadrant defects and nasal steps in the abnormal fields.

Results: Strong agreement was found between average standardized pre-conversion quadrant LTV and post-conversion clinical subjective ranking of severity (p=0.002) as well as objective ranking by GCP (p=0.02).  A trend towards prediction of nasal step asymmetry was also observed, but did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions: The location with increased LTV in normal VFs was found to be predictive of the quadrant subsequently emerging as most defective.